What type of attack involves disabling navigation systems?

The type of attack that involves disabling navigation systems is best categorized as a cyber attack. Cyber attacks target electronic systems, data, or networks, and they can compromise or interfere with navigation systems through various means, such as hacking or introducing malware. This can lead to significant safety concerns, especially in aviation, where reliable navigation is critical.

Insider threats, while they do involve individuals with legitimate access potentially misusing that access, typically pertain to breaches of security or protocol that may not involve direct technical manipulation of systems like navigation. While insider threats can pose serious risk, they do not specifically involve the technical disabling of navigation systems in the same way that cyber attacks do.

Ranged weapons and IED (Improvised Explosive Device) attacks typically involve physical attacks rather than cyber or systemic disruptions. These options do not align with the concept of disabling electronic navigation systems. Cyber attacks represent a growing concern in modern security environments, making them the correct choice for this question.